ZDP-189 is a Japanese powder steel known for extreme hardness. Spyderco has used it in models like the Dragonfly 2.
ZDP-189 Steel at a Glance
| Type | Powder metallurgy (PM) steel |
|---|---|
| Made by | Hitachi Metals, now Proterial (Japan) |
| Typical hardness | 64-66 HRC |
| Key elements | Carbon about 3%, chromium about 20%, molybdenum about 1.4%, tungsten about 0.6% |
| Edge retention | 9/10 (excellent) |
| Toughness | 2/10 (low) |
| Rust resistance | 6/10 (good) |
| Ease of sharpening | 2/10 (very hard) |
| Best for | Very hard, thin edges |
Ratings are relative 1 to 10 scores for typical factory heat treatments. See how ZDP-189 ranks against 46 other steels in our Knife Steel Chart.
What Is ZDP-189 Steel?
ZDP-189 has very high carbon and chromium and is often hardened to 64 to 66 HRC. It is often laminated between softer stainless layers for added toughness.
ZDP-189 Steel Properties
- Edge retention: Excellent.
- Toughness: Low.
- Rust resistance: Good.
- Ease of sharpening: Very hard. Use diamond or CBN stones.
ZDP-189 vs Other Steels
ZDP-189 vs CPM S110V
Compared with CPM S110V, ZDP-189 is slightly easier to sharpen. CPM S110V holds an edge slightly longer and resists rust better. Read our CPM S110V guide.
ZDP-189 vs CPM 20CV
Compared with ZDP-189, CPM 20CV is slightly tougher, resists rust better and is slightly easier to sharpen. Read our CPM 20CV guide.
ZDP-189 vs VG10
Compared with VG10, ZDP-189 holds an edge longer. VG10 is tougher, resists rust better and is easier to sharpen. Read our VG10 guide.
Is ZDP-189 Steel Good for Knives?
Yes, for slicing-focused knives in experienced hands. Avoid twisting or prying.
Pros:
- Very high hardness
- Long-lasting thin edge
Cons:
- Brittle
- Hard to sharpen
- Can stain more than other stainless steels
Knives That Use ZDP-189 Steel
Makers sometimes change blade steels between versions, so check the listing to confirm the steel before you buy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is ZDP-189 steel stainless?
Yes. ZDP-189 is a stainless steel, though no knife steel is completely rust proof. Wipe it dry after use.
How hard is ZDP-189 steel?
Knives in ZDP-189 are usually heat treated to around 64-66 HRC.
Is ZDP-189 easy to sharpen?
Very hard. Diamond or CBN stones work best.